METHODS
methods set out below conform to the operational definition of torture adopted by the Commission, after consideration of the parameters set by international conventions on this practice:
" constitutes torture means any act by which it is intentionally inflicted pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, in order to obtain from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he has committed or is suspected of having committed, intimidating or coercing that person or others, to cancel your personality or to diminish his physical or mental,
or for reasons based on any discrimination. Provided that when such pain or suffering is committed by a State official or other person in your service or acting under the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence . It is important to note that the separate consideration of different methods for the sake of clarity, should not obscure the fact that the forms of torture as defined here could be applied successively or simultaneously on the same victim. Also, not all methods were employed with the same frequency
, and included only representing those descriptions as stated by those who gave their testimonies. Invariably, the definitions are illustrated with evidence People who attended this committee after torture by different agencies and at different times. To preserve the identity of the victims, we have omitted the names and occupations, pointing
, yes, the date of arrest, sex and the room where the events occurred. Beating
repeated
Judging by the huge number of testimonies of people beaten, it can be argued that the repeated beatings were the handiest method of torture during the military regime and, in general, the first to be applied to victims of repression. It was common to the time of the detention, the person concerned, although not resist, and even being tied up or handcuffed, beaten
was intentionally and without justification. This kind of bumps, commonly called "excessive use of force," constitute torture, for no other purpose than to cause unnecessary suffering. Common ground for people beaten around the body, repeatedly, by several agents, throughout time. There were also shocks in specific parts of the body, not infrequently in the most sensitive, sometimes even bleeding. Many of those beaten were
previously stripped and deprived of the sense of sight by a blindfold over their eyes or hooding, which prevented them from noticing the bumps and they generated a greater sense of helplessness. The beatings occurred before, during and after interrogations. Most permanent consequences that could meet the Commission under beating of detainees, among others, may be mentioned
total and partial loss of vision, partial or total loss of hearing, loss of teeth, kidney problems, sterility and other injuries to the spine. Finally, although the subject is beyond the mandate of this Commission, it is noteworthy that there were people beaten to death.
The following are the most frequently blows received by detainees who came to offer their testimony:
• foot and fist blows.
• Struck with blunt, head of the weapons (butts), sticks
(beating), liquid (also called churro, luma or silly rubber)
stoning, other blunt objects.
• Hits with flexible or blunt objects (also called whipping or flogging
): whips, horse whips, sticks (rods coligüe).
• The phone, that is, open-handed blows to both ears (can cause permanent hearing damage.)
• repeated blows on the eyes, mouth, nose, testicles, breasts, neck, knees and other sensitive body parts.
The allegations include other practices that involve impact, such as:
• Dark Alley: pass those detained for between two rows of troops that they beat feet, fists and rifle butts.
• Stepping and jumping on detainees when they are lying on the floor, face up or face down
.
• Dropping the body of the detainee to the floor downstairs.
• Drag the detainee on the floor or stairs, made of hair, tied
neck or another member.
Man, arrested in September 1973. Account of his imprisonment in Regiment No. 14, Aysen Region XI: After several times I sat in a chair and gave me 15 shots to the head, one of the shock felt an inner paralysis that preferentially affected my right leg because of the blows were struck down in [...]. floor
Man, arrested in September 1973. Account of his incarceration at the Green Gables Engineer Regiment, V Region: [...] I underwent during my first two weeks at Green Gables: electric shocks to sensitive body parts when I tied on a wooden chair; beaten with "stupid rubber" beatings with rifle butts, and beaten about the ears with both hands at the same time [the phone].
Man, arrested in September 1973. Account of his imprisonment AFB El Bosque, Región Metropolitana: We received a contingent of students and a large number of senior officers, with pistols and machine guns in hand, students with bayonets as well [...] the blows of rifle butts, kicked where falling-head and stomach, "we had three hours of foot, then made us lie face down and custodians walked over us, who raised his head he received the recoil or kick ribs, most were beaten and burned to the slab with the sun and could not bear to have the hot face pressed to the floor. That lasted all day, without water or food.
Man, arrested in September 1973. Account of his imprisonment in the Estadio Chile, Region Metropolitana: In the afternoon, I think at 17:00 hours approximately, we were taken in buses to the Estadio Chile, the buses were the police and beat us up, during transit and down. Outside the Estadio Chile's military custody and a place were we had to jog in place at a rapid pace and beat every time we reduced the trot, used a steel wire that marked the legs with every stroke.
Man, arrested in September 1973. Account of his imprisonment Old Naval Hospital in Punta Arenas (Palace of Smiles), by the Military Intelligence Service, SIM, Region XII: He butts handed to the kidneys at the time of climbing the ladder. Then, when he was questioning, a person who insulted him every time she came up strongly behind the chair and then with both hands at the same time, we hit the ears [the
phone call], causing loss momentary consciousness. (deceased account given by relatives enabled).
Man, arrested in September 1973. Account of his detention at the police station in Rio Bueno, X Region: [...] In another interrogation session questions were preceded by hammering nails on the fingers of both hands, one by one, until they were completely swollen and so insensitive, so you may think I changed all my nails.
Man, arrested in October 1973. Account of his detention on
Estadio Nacional, Región Metropolitana: The torture and interrogation I made them for three sessions in the dressing rooms and bathrooms of the velodrome at the National Stadium.
While blindfolded, beat me all over, as I said would never see my kids and wife and who would harm especially the child, who was three years. Standing apparently beat me to the back of the hand cutting off breathing and making me vomit. I kick crashing against the wall, sometimes making me bleed from the nose. Sitting touched me where I said applied current. With tremendous punches cheered me ears.
Man, arrested in November 1975. Account of his detention on the grounds of the Villa Grimaldi DINA, Región Metropolitana On November 19, 1975 at 2:00 am or so, enter our home, breaking the door, about 12 to 15 civilians armed with machine guns asking by [name withheld].
Immediately proceed to tie up my children with a wire on the wrists and forced to remain in the mouth on the floor in the passage. I punched while trying to figure out what was happening. Review all the house causing enormous damage to furniture, mattresses, etc. I also tied her hands with wire, all blindfolded, are uploaded to different vehicles. I stayed in the same vehicle with my child. According to my neighbor's back story, there were many vehicles parked in a big operation. We moved to what proved to be Villa Grimaldi. I stayed there about three hours in a place that seemed to be a kind of courtyard and shed enabled. You could hear shouts and cries, as if there were a large number of people. Always interrogated me and beat me with fists tightly
and hands, especially in the face, sometimes falling down and I could hardly sit up, since I was still tied.
Man, arrested in May 1988. Account of his detention at the headquarters of Investigation (General Mackenna), Metropolitan Region: [...] raided the house, knocked on my family, destroyed the house looking for weapons, beat me in front of my family, I put a hood in the head, I jumped into a car without looking up, we reached the barracks, where they put me in a small room where they tied me to hands and feet, then began to shock torture in
testicles, current in the mouth, ears, bruises on the legs, then as I got nothing, hit me with brass knuckles, then walked a partner and tortured in front of me to speak . This was the first day [...].
deliberate bodily
The Commission received many testimonies of victims who were
injury caused deliberately and not know that the implementation of many of the torture methods may produce different damage physical.
The injury is defined as bodily harm or detriment caused to any person for an injury (cut or tear) or a stroke. If this injury is caused intentionally by another, though that other State agent, or an individual with the consent of those who performed this action with the specific intent to cause injury, this action is tantamount to torture.
This applies, for example, to beatings, hangings and application of electricity. In addition, under the generic term injury has wanted to gather facts committed with the specific intention to cause damage in the body point of arrest, caused when he was unarmed, usually bound and blindfolded or hooded. This is not collateral damage, foreseen as a possibility, but damage in the first grade core of the type of aggression constitutes torture. The extractions of the lower parts of the body, such as hand and foot claws, teeth, hair, eyebrows
, etc .- are illustrative of this method of torture. Examples are the wounds caused by contact with fire, a hot object, or a caustic or corrosive substance that breaks down organic tissue. In fact, burns were the form of deliberate injury more common during the military regime. It caused burns on various parts of the body of the detainee, even in the most sensitive parts, such as male and female genitalia. Cigarette burns were the most common. But cases consist of hot iron burns or other objects that caused serious damage to those who were the victims.
The deliberate injury, can be broken down as follows:
• Extractions of lower parts of the body (nails, teeth, etc..).
• Cut with a knife (hands, legs, genitals, back, in other parts of the body).
• deliberate fractures (arms, feet, hands, fingers.)
• bullet wounds. • Injuries hearing
premeditated, caused by gunshot near the ear
or exposure to loud sounds for extended time,
even cause bleeding in the ears, mouth and nose, loss of consciousness
in some cases.
• Injury nails or other parts of the body by nailing pins, yataghans or other sharp objects.
• Injuries resulting from varying degrees to pass a vehicle on
feet, hands or other parts of the body of the detainee.
Man, arrested in September 1973. Account of his imprisonment in the 3rd
Rahue Station, Osorno, X Region: On September 19 us out of jail one by one to receive blows, a policeman with a wooden hammer proceeds to give me a blow on the little finger of both hands, then proceed with pliers to remove the nail, then enter the sergeant [ name withheld], which removed the pliers and policeman proceeded to boot it the mustache ...
time a product of the great pain and despair, achievement bite the hand of this character, who must be rescued by a police officer gives me a kick in my face [...] I become unconscious and waking, I realize that I bleed a lot of head, nose and mouth ... then I realize that I need eight teeth ... had proceeded to get it out with pliers ... or shock, I do not know.
man, arrested in December 1973, while detained in the Regiment
Chorrillos of Talca, Region VII, said: [...] Not content with my looks disfigured by blows, I pulled the nails from both foot living blood and applied current caused me great pain.
Man, arrested in October 1973. Account of his incarceration at Casa de la Cultura de Barrancas, in charge of a battalion of the Regiment Yungay de San Felipe, Región Metropolitana: In an instant I felt that my fingertips were burning me, I was sticking needles [.. .] lit a powerful source of mercury to about two meters from my face. The sergeant's screams began to go away, my face was burning, in my desperation, I ran my hand across his forehead and part of the face. The captain struck the table between me and him and I said if I passed my hand across my face would be marked forever. He had been very late the warning because my face was burned and took marks today.
Man, arrested in December 1983. Account of his detention at the headquarters of Investigation (General Mackenna), Metropolitan Region: I say: then kneel down and put the soles of the feet up. Three hold me down and the room proceeded to jump on the soles of my feet. I felt like my bones creak with inexplicable pain. At that time I asked aloud to kill me, I no longer wanted to live, told me that soon [...].
Hanging
The Commission received numerous testimonies of people subjected to such torture, whose implementation is spread throughout the period, especially from the security agencies specialized in repression. Along with restraining the person, this method keeps the victim in awkward positions that can stress the joints to the dislocation, causing pain that accrue under pass the minutes and hours. Stay posted, especially for prolonged periods also generates feelings of helplessness, abandonment and humiliation
derived from the treatment attempt against human dignity.
During the military regime, the hangings in different forms. People were hanging from one or both wrists of one or both feet in an inverted position, hands and feet tied to a stick placed horizontally, leaving the rest of the curved body, or arms tied behind back "method known as the pigeon, which causes dislocation of the shoulder. The time of hanging, left to the discretion of the agent in charge, could range from a few minutes to several days. Furthermore, the person hung with
Quite often must have threats, insults, humiliations, beatings, while he was naked, in some cases, were even used electricity or were subjected to one type of sexual assault.
deserves special mention hanging kind of special, more sophisticated, called jesses or pau de Arara ("flying pole" in Portuguese). First hands are tied, then those at the foot crossing a bar or club horizontally across the space formed in between, then that bar or bat is hung horizontally, so that the victim was in a position inverted, hanging from the hands and feet tied together. Sometimes the rod was rotated, and thereby increase the pain. The pau de plow was used mainly by security agencies. Often, people who suffered any form of hanging, later if not immediately, had some type of spinal injury.
Man, arrested in September 1973. Account of his imprisonment in the Regiment of Copiapo, III Region: I was taken to the headquarters of the regiment. In that room I tied his feet with hands behind. Then I tied a rope from his feet to his mouth open and, by pulling the string loop, making double back and head back to end unbearable and painful. Then, being bound in the manner described, I hung from a tree and was kicked and beaten with a machine gun, to stun.
Women arrested in January 1974. Account of his detention on the grounds of the London street DINA 38, Region Metropolitana: I moved to another room where they made me undress completely. Then tied my wrists to the ankles being totally shrunk. Then put a bar between my wrists and ankles being suspended from a cabinet. In this position I hit my ears and electricity applied to the temples, in the eyes, the vagina, rectum and breast. I was questioned by the names of people, [...] I told them I knew no one, then hit me again and apply power. In the mouth I put a cloth, which at times drew me to speak .[...].
Man, arrested in December 1983. Account of his detention at the headquarters of Investigation (General Mackenna), Metropolitan Region: At the end of the ladder that went down was all cold and wet, without question made me take off my clothes, fewer bands, sat me down on the floor, pick up the knees and tied my hands pass over my knees. At that moment I felt that introduced an iron bar between the knees and forearms felt [...]
run two objects, possibly furniture. Iron took four people (I know because they talked among themselves) and was hanged. Once hung proceeded to put a hard object in my eyes, possibly ball after metal objects in my wrists, ankles, temples, anus and penis. Then I gagged introducing these metal objects in my mouth, just in my molars. When I was in this situation felt noise of papers put under me. At that moment I felt how frightening, they were strong shock, where I saw my body
fully illuminated with an intense glow was [...] dying of pain and suffocation. I lost track of time, just know that from time to time I drew the gag and vomit in abundance, then returned to the same [...]. Know the number of sessions they were. After each one left me hanging and said "let rest at this asshole." I felt his steps away and felt a relief, but immediately returned, apparently were not the same, saying
"and rested a lot this asshole" and continued with the first scourge [...].
Application electricity
People who attended this Commission reported that from the same day September 11, 1973 were victims of electric current application, in all regions of the country.
This method of torture consists in the application of electric shocks to the entire body or specific areas, depending on the instruments used for this purpose. Invariably causes severe physical pain and acute mental suffering. This torture can result in permanent physical scars. More than a third of people who reported to this Committee have been tortured were, among other forms of torture, use of electricity.
This method was used during all the years of military rule: in the beginning and during the installation in power, its application was massive and nationwide.
In the main places of detention, whatever their geographical location, it was from the outset with appropriate tools to implement this kind of torture, victims described as a magnet which came the cables that were joining the points vulnerable body of the detainee. In many cases, the instruments available, to grade the electric shock, increasing or decreasing the voltage at the will of the torturers.
In any case, under detention facilities and poorly equipped, also used electricity the respondents although more rudimentary.
When applying electricity, many people reported that interrogators
sat in a chair, preferably metal or laid them on a bed or a metal cot. They proceeded to tie, immobilizing them. Previously, people used to undress, blindfolded or hooded head aggravated the feeling of helplessness. On several occasions, soldiers or police poured water on the detainee to ensure that the shock felt throughout the body.
With the emergence of specialized security agencies in the enforcement - primarily DINA CNI-the application of electricity became routine and the arsenal of methods in use diversified. Stresses the procedure known as the grill. The detainee is blindfolded or hooded him.
Then he undressed, lying on a metal cot, which was tied hand and foot. Preparations are ready, they proceeded to apply electric shocks by placing electrodes on different parts of the body, preferably by choosing the most sensitive areas: armpits, soles of the feet, forehead, eyes, ears, mouth, gums, tongue, breasts or nipples, penis or vagina, testicles, anus, even in open wounds.
The pain in electrodes areas radiated to the rest of the body. Another form of torture with electricity which was reported to the Commission was called an electric cattle prod, a sort of stick with which shocks were applied to focusing on the body of the detainee. Although used less massive than previous methods, it also refer the detainee's placement in a bathtub with cold water, to which electricity was applied. Because of the risks inherent in the application of electricity as a method of torture in any form, the security officers were advised by physicians and other health professionals in order to preserve the detainee alive. These partners conducted assessments physical resistance of the victim, before or during the torture, to be graduating the intensity of the shock. This was not only declared directly to this Commission also consists of allegations and complaints of torture brought before the courts by prisoners for political reasons.
Man, arrested in September 1973. Account of his detention at the National Stadium, Metropolitan Region: When I was in the National Stadium, I was taken in the morning, along with other comrades, to the velodrome. Had to be with a blanket on my head while I was called for questioning. While interrogating me stripped me and put me current on my forehead, testicles, anus. And I put something in your mouth so I will not bite my tongue while giving the current. I remember sitting in a chair tied hand and foot. After
handcuffed me and put me back current [...].
Women arrested in September 1973. Account of his imprisonment in the Army units that operated the Military Intelligence Service in Valdivia, Region de Los Lagos: ... I feel a tingling in my body, which was increasing and she felt pain and muscles contracted me, biting my tongue, blood, heart, and he stopped and then tachycardia. I fainted, I reacted Shock, another shock and so I lost track of the voices and I fainted. I woke up lying on straw in large part, had nausea, I hurt all over, felt smell and taste of blood in my mouth and taste like metal. I hear a guy comes and gives me a stethoscope, and then says to another: Just for today, give two 10-milligram Valium and water!
Women arrested in November 1973. Account of his imprisonment in the Tucapel Regiment, Region IX: In reaching these units made me undress, lie down on a seat, gave me the impression that it was of those who are in the streets, where they tied me an arm and a leg up and the other down, then I put a cement block in the belly and I applied vaginal electricity in
nipples and ears, filling my mouth with animal droppings, probably so they do not hear my screams and moans. This was done for many hours, then let me roll naked, I went with the rule and yet I was also raped on three occasions, I do not know if it would be a person or different. This is something that only now I'm telling [...] I never told my family [...].
Man, arrested in December 1973. Account of his imprisonment in the 6 th Police Station, Metropolitan Region: I was strapped to a table and electricity put me in the testicles, chest, feet. In desperation, the effects of the current cut belts and threw away the machine: seemingly a magnet. For this reason I put the leg in a drum with water and put electricity, which made me lose consciousness. When I reacted was hanging by the wrists and beat me [...]. Lieutenant
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